Question

Who is known as the ‘father of genetics’?
A. Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Mendel
D. Morgan

Answer 1

Hint: Gregor Mendel's observations became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity.

Complete answer:
Gregor Mendel(1822-1884) is widely considered as the father of genetics for his pioneer work in the field of genetics. He experimented on pea plants (Pisum Sativum) and discovered the basic rules of inheritance of genes.

Additional Information
There are three laws of inheritance proposed by Mendel:
(1) Law of dominance – It states that in heterozygous conditions, among the two alleles of a character, the allele which expresses itself is dominant and the one which can’t express is recessive.
(2) Law of segregation – It states that although the alleles of a character remain together for a long time they do not mix with each other and separate at the time of gametogenesis so that each gamete receives only one allele of a character, either dominant or recessive.
(3) Law of Independent assortment – It states that the alleles of a character can undergo any sort of combination to give rise to a phenotype that may be different from both the parents.

Charles Darwin, an English naturalist also proposed his theory, Darwinism, a theory of biological evolution. It states that all species of organisms develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory Lamarckism in 1809. It states that the variations in any organ acquired by an organism are the result of the use or disuse of that organ and can pass from one generation to another.

So, the correct answer is Mendel.

Notes: The traits that Mendel studied in his experiment are-
1. Form of ripe seed- smooth or wrinkled.
2. Color of seed- yellow or green.
3. Color of flower- purple or white.
4. Form of ripe pods- inflated or constricted.
5. Color of pods- green or yellow.
6. Position of flowers- axial or terminal.
7. Length of stem- tall or dwarf.