Question

Introduction of one or more genes into an organism that normally does not possess them or their deletion by using artificial mean (not by breeding) comes under:
A. Molecular biology
B. Cytogenetics
C. Genetic hybridization
D. Genetic engineering

Answer 1

Hint: A gene is the basic functional and physical unit of heredity. Genes are composed of DNA. Some genes that function as instructions for making molecules are referred to as proteins. Though, numerous genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes differ in size from several hundred DNA bases to more than two million bases.

Complete Step-by-step answer:
Genetic engineering is the study of gene manipulation. Genetic engineering, gene splicing, and genetic modification (GM) are terms for the process of manipulating genes, implying that the process is outside the organism's natural reproductive process. It includes isolation, manipulation, transmission, and reintroduction of DNA into cells or model organisms generally to express a protein. The goal is to introduce new attributes or characteristics physically or physiologically, like creating a crop resistant to a herbicide, introducing a novel characteristic, or producing a new protein or enzyme, along with altering the organism to generate more particular traits.
Molecular Biology is the branch of biology that examines the structure, composition, and interactions of cellular molecules (like proteins and nucleic acids) that perform the biological processes crucial for the cell's features and maintenance.
Cytogenetics is a field of biology concentrated on the study of chromosomes and their inheritance, particularly as applied to medical genetics.
Genetic hybridization is the process of interbreeding individuals from genetically different populations to generate a hybrid. Hence a genetic hybrid would carry two distinct alleles of an identical gene.
Therefore the correct answer is Option D.

Note: Genetic engineering is the method of manually adding new DNA to an organism. Examples of genetically engineered (transgenic) organisms currently on the market comprise plants with resistance to some bugs, plants that are able to tolerate herbicides, and crops with modified oil yield.