Question

Insulin is secreted by
A. alpha-cell of pancreas
B. beta-cell of pancreas
C. Spleen
D. Mucosa of oesophagus

Answer 1

Hint: Insulin is an anabolic hormone that absorbs glucose from the blood and skeletal muscle cells and is responsible for converting it into either glucagon or fat through glycogenesis or lipogenesis respectively. The conversion process takes place within the liver.

Complete answer:
> Option A: Human pancreatic islets comprise 20% of alpha-cells. Alpha-cells of the pancreas secretes peptide hormone called glucagon. Within the liver, glucagon increases the glucose level by glycogenesis.

> Option B: Beta-cells of the pancreas comprises 50-70% of total pancreatic cells. beta-cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting the peptide hormone called Insulin which is a peptide hormone. beta-cells also produce amylin. Both insulin and amylin help in the reduction of blood glucose levels.

> Option C: The human spleen is a purple color lymph node-like structure that occurs in the left abdomen behind the stomach. The functions of the spleen are the removal of old red blood cells, antibody synthesis, etc. Thus it is involved in the filtration of the blood.

> Option D: The mucosa of the oesophagus is a stratified squamous epithelium layer. Mucosa protects the body from caustic substances.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
Pancreatic islets are also known as islets of Langerhans. This region comprises endocrine cells that are responsible for secreting several hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, amylin ghrelin, etc.

Note: There are two types of diabetes. These are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Destruction of all Beta-cells of the pancreas by autoimmune reaction leads to no production of insulin, causing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused due to reduction of Beta-cells of the pancreas.