Question

'India is the only country in the world where, in the States which are governed by the Communist party, human rights are fully respected-and that is only because the Bill of Rights is firmly entrenched in our national Constitution. We can proudly say that our Constitution gave us a flying start and equipped us adequately to meet the challenges of the future.'
Which of the following conclusions is not implied by the passage above?

A. Communist states often do not respect human rights.
B. Communist states never respect human rights
C. The entrenchment of the Bill of Rights is what ensures that even Communist-governed states
 respect human rights.
D. The Indian Constitution prepared India for the challenges of independence

Answer 1

Hint: The Communist Party of India, one of the eight national parties in the world, is the oldest communist political party in India. The CPI was founded in Kanpur on 26 December 1925. The first CPI General Secretary was S.V. Ghate. There were several communist groups founded by Indians in various parts of the world with the aid of foreigners, Tashkent group of contacts like Anushilan and Jugantar groups in Bengal, and small communist groups formed in Bombay led by S.A. Dange.

Complete answer:
The Communist party shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions during the period around and directly following Independence in 1947. In February 1948, B. T. Ranadive (BTR) was elected General Secretary of the party at the second Party Congress in Calcutta. The 'Democratic Revolution Programme' was adopted by the conference. The first mention of the fight against caste injustice in the CPI document was included in this programme. At the time of independence, communist party was rising to fame in several states including Kerala and Telangana. The party was leading armed struggles against a series of local monarchs that refused to give up their power including the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hence, the party remained relevant in the political scenario of Independent India .

In the 1960s, when it won elections in the states of Kerala and later West Bengal, the Communist Party of India formed India's first democratically elected communist government.On top of this, socialism gained national appeal as an ideology after it was supported by leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru. The Socialists were among the first to campaign for Indian independence from Britain altogether. The Indian National Congress, India's largest political party, under Nehru, introduced socialism in 1936 as an ideology for socio-economic policies and communist party eventually came under the constitution alongside INC at the time. Hence, human rights mentioned in the Constitution are fully respected by states that are governed by the Communist Party, and that is only because the Bill of Rights is firmly enshrined in our national Constitution like all the other states which are under the power of other political parties.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The Communist Party emerged from the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party's (RSDWP) Bolshevik wing. Vladimir I. Lenin headed the Bolsheviks, founded in 1903, and argued for a tightly disciplined group of trained revolutionaries who were ruled by democratic centralism and committed themselves to establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat and eventually forming The USSR. Communism is a political and economic philosophy that rejects liberal democracy and capitalism and instead promotes a classless society in which the means of production are communally controlled and private property is either inexistent or seriously limited.