Question

In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?
A. Frog - Kidneys, skin, and buccal epithelium
B. Humans - Kidneys, sebaceous glands, and tear glands
C. Earthworm - Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
D. Cockroach - Malpighian ​tubules and enteric caeca

Answer 1

Hint: The excretory system is a passive biological system of an organism that is associated with the function of excretion of waste fluids and toxic materials out of the body and removes excess, harmful materials from the body of an organism. The excretory system consists of different organs in a different organism.

Complete answer:
Excretion is the process that removes wastes and excess water from the body. It is a very essential process in all organisms, as through this process the body maintains homeostasis. It also helps to protect the body against any toxic build up and prevents damage. Wastes include by-products of metabolism and other non-useful materials, such as used up and broken-down into different types of components. Some of the specific waste products include carbon dioxide which is produced from cellular respiration, ammonia and urea from protein catabolism, and uric acid from nucleic acid catabolism. These must be removed and excreted from the body.
Organs that are involved in this excretory process are called excretory organs. Different types of organisms hold different excretory organs.
In the human excretory system, the kidney is the main component of the system. The kidney found in humans is paired. Filtering the blood, the kidneys help in the excretion of nitrogenous waste such as ammonia and urea, and other harmful materials. Other than the kidney, there are some additional excretory organs found in humans like sweat glands. These organs help to excrete a small amount of waste material. Sebaceous glands present in the skin which excrete an oily substance called sebum. But tear glands are not considered as an excretory organ.
In the case of earthworm, long, thin, coiled tubes like excretory organs are found. This structure is called nephridia. Nephridia is the main excretory organ of earthworm. According to the position of nephridia in the body, it can be divided into three categories, they are pharyngeal, integumentary, and septal nephridia. As the body of the earthworm is segmented, nephridia are present in every segment.
In cockroach, enteric caeca do not play any role in excretion, rather it performs an important role in the digestion process of cockroach. The main excretory structure of cockroaches is Malpighian ​tubules.
The excretory organ of the frog includes the kidney, uterus, and cloaca. The frog uses its skin and buccal epithelium as a respiratory organ and are not related to the process of digestion.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Note: Excretory organs are responsible for the excretion of various waste material from the body which produces due to the metabolism of the body. Different types of organisms use their different organs as an excretory organ. In earthworm, the excretory organ is nephridia which are divided into three-types which are pharyngeal, integumentary, and septal nephridia.