Question

In both dialysis and osmosis which particles do not pass through the semipermeable membrane?
(A) Water
(B) small molecules
(C) Colloids
(D) All of these

Answer 1

Hint: A kidney can filter \[100 - 150\] quarts of blood daily. If the kidney fails to perform the function of filtering the blood then dialysis is the artificial method that is used to remove the excess waste materials from the body.

Complete step by step answer:
Dialysis is the process of separating the suspended colloidal particles present in the solution from the dissolved ions or small size molecules with the help of their unequal rates of diffusion through the pores present in the semipermeable membranes.
Osmosis is a process by which the solvent molecules in the solution move from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration via a semipermeable membrane. This Movement of a solvent from higher concentration to lower concentration through the semipermeable membrane equalizes the concentrations of solute on both sides of the membrane.
In dialysis, the membrane only permits the movement of the smaller electrolyte molecules through it and not the solvent molecules that are large in size. While in the case of osmosis, the semipermeable membrane does not allow the movement of solute particles.
So, Colloids are the particles that cannot get pass through a semipermeable membrane in dialysis as well as osmosis because they are those mixtures in which the microscopically dispersed insoluble particles of one element are suspended in another element. The size of these particles can vary from $1 - 1000\,\mu $.

So, the correct answer is Option C.

Note: A colloid is a phase-separated mixture in which one insoluble or soluble substance is suspended with another substance. A colloid has two-phase, one is a dispersed phase and one is a continuous phase. Colloids show the Tyndall effect.