Question

In Bentham and Hooker classification of plants, the present-day orders were referred to them as:
A. Series
B. Cohorts
C. Orders
D. Families

Answer 1

Hint: The first elaborated natural classification system of seed plants was given by Bentham and Hooked. They divided them into three groups, - dicotyledons, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. The classification given by them was based on the natural morphological features of plants. These include leaf venation, vascular bundles, the number of cotyledons, etc. Then they divided them into three subclasses, 21 series, 25 cohorts which are known as 'orders' in the present day, and 202 families.

Complete answer:
> Option A- Series
In biological taxonomy, a series is defined as a subdivision of a genus or a taxonomic rank that is below section (and subsection) but above that of species. 'Series' is typically used to help organize very large genera, which have hundreds of species.

> Option B- Cohorts
A cohort is a group of subjects with common defining characters. For example- the age group. In biological taxonomy, Cohort is one of the taxonomic ranks. The study of Cohort is a form of longitudinal study used in medicine and social science. These classes are further divided into series which is again divided into order or cohort and cohort into family.

> Option C- Orders
In biological taxonomy, an order is defined as a rank. Each order further splits into families. There are many orders present under each class and a group of closely related families forms an order.

> Option D- Families
In Linnaean taxonomy, Family is defined as one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks. It is classified between order and genus. A family is further divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants, is a taxonomic system, which was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum in three volumes between 1862 and 1883.