Question

If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred to as-
A) DNA polymorphism
B) Expressed sequence tag
C) Sequence annotation
D) Linkage

Answer 1

Hint: Mutation as we know, is the sudden change which occurs in any organism. It can be in the genetic ways or in the morphology also. Usually, it is observed in genetic ways. It can be seen due to unavoidable situations like- climate change or evolution or some kind of diseases in genes or chromosomal defects, gene alteration.

Complete answer:
Option A DNA polymorphism- DNA polymorphism means the different DNA sequences among individuals, groups or populations. Polymorphism at the DNA level includes a wide range of variations from a single base pair change to many base pair changes. And also, in some repeated sequences. As a result, if an inheritable mutation occurs frequently in a population, it is referred to as DNA polymorphism solely.
Option A is correct.
Option B Expressed sequence tag- in genetics, an expressed sequence tag is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. It may be used to identify gene transcripts and are instrumental in gene discovery and also, in sequence information. It is a short DNA sequences usually, of two hundred to three hundred nucleotides.
Option B is not correct.
Option C Sequence annotation- sequence annotation is the process of marking specific features in DNA, RNA or protein sequence with descriptive information about the structure and function of cells. It is nowhere related to the mutation.
Option C is not correct.
Option D Linkage- linkage referred to the closest association of genes or DNA sequences on the same chromosome. The closer two genes are to each other on the chromosome, the greater the probability that will be inherited together. Linkage is the relation between two genes which stay close two each other or to different sequences to which they are to be transmitted.
So, option D is also not correct.

Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.

Note:
Changes in the nucleotide sequence or length cause DNA polymorphisms, as we previously described. These results in-variations in the fragment length and pattern produced after digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, Variations in the size of a DNA fragment after PCR amplification and variations in the DNA sequence itself. Mostly they are found in between the genes. They can act as biological markers helping scientists to locate the defective genes.