Question

Identify the tumor suppressor genes from the following.
A. p53 gene
B. Pseudogenes
C. SRY genes
D. Oncogenes

Answer 1

Hint: Tumor suppressor genes are also called anti-oncogenes, which regulate the cell during the cell division and cell replication, and if genes don’t work properly, then these processes of cell division and replication in an uncontrollable manner, which may cause the Cancer.

Complete answer:
Loss of function of tumor suppressor genes and any mutations of the genes, these both are responsible for uncontrollable cell division.
Tumor suppressor genes are mainly of two types, they include Caretaker genes and Gatekeeper genes, recently one more type of genes are introduced, which includes Landscaper genes
Caretaker genes help to maintain the stability of DNA by making DNA repair, Gatekeeper genes maintain stability by controlling the cell growth, recently Landscaper genes are introduced which controls the cell growth and regulation, and tumor suppressor genes are responsible for cell apoptosis.
Tumor suppressor genes include
Retinoblastoma ( pRb ):
These are gatekeeper genes.
These pRb genes block cell proliferation and regulate cell division and cell death.
This gene prevents the cell from replicating its DNA if there is any damage.
pRb gene prevents the cell cycle from entering from G1 to S phase.
p53 :
These genes are caretaker genes.
p53 genes are called guardians of the genome.
p53 genes are helpful for DNA repair, induce apoptosis, regulate the transcription and cell cycle.
If there is any mutation of p53 genes, it may result in cancer.
BCL2:
This gene main function is to induce or to inhibit apoptosis
It maintains the functions of mitochondria, it prevents the release of cytochrome C into the cytosol
SW1/SNF:
This is the chromatin remodeling complex.
Totally it consists of 10 to 15 subunits, which consist of complex genes in it.
If there is any mutation in one gene, may cause the whole unit not make to work with each other
Other given options include oncogenes, which cause cancer, and the SRY gene is responsible for the Y chromosome to represent it as male, And Pseudogenes are a non-functional sequence of DNA, which may act as functional.

So the correct answer is the p53 gene.

Note:
Some of the important functions of the tumor suppressor genes are, Repression of genes, coupling the cell cycle to DNA damage, cell adhesion, and apoptosis, and finally DNA repair.