Question

Identify the following magnetic materials:
(i) A material having susceptibility $\left( {{x}_{m}} \right)=-0.00015$
(ii) A material having susceptibility $\left( {{x}_{m}} \right)={{10}^{-5}}$

Answer 1

Hint: We will first define the different types of magnetic materials and their properties and then we will define their magnetic susceptibility and the ranges of magnetic susceptibility for different types of magnetic materials and then using that information we will determine the type of magnetic materials

Complete step by step answer:
Magnetism refers to the effect on a material when it is present in a magnetic field. There are five classifications for magnetic materials which are Diamagnetic materials, paramagnetic materials, Ferromagnetic materials, Antiferromagnetic materials and Ferrimagnetic materials. Diamagnetism refers to material being repelled by an applied magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials have unpaired electrons due to which magnetic field inside them increases. Ferromagnetic materials are similar to Paramagnetic materials in that they also have unpaired electrons which align themselves according to the applied magnetic field. But they also retain that order after the magnetic field is removed. In Antiferromagnetic materials all adjacent atoms face the opposite direction but due to geometric arrangements one side has more electrons than the other. Ferrimagnetic materials are like antiferromagnetic ones but they retain their arrangement of electrons even after the magnetic field is removed. Magnetic susceptibility refers to the ability of a material becoming magnetized under a magnetic field. It is a small positive value for Paramagnetic materials, very small and negative for diamagnetic materials, it is very large and positive for ferromagnetic materials. So according to this information, material with magnetic susceptibility $\left( {{x}_{m}} \right)=-0.00015$ must be diamagnetic, and for the material with magnetic susceptibility $\left( {{x}_{m}} \right)={{10}^{-5}}$ must be a paramagnetic material.

Note: All the bodies show diamagnetism, but it is dominated by other effects in other types of magnetic materials. For a material to be diamagnetic, it must have no other effects, or the diamagnetic effect must be dominant in the said material.