Question

i) What is the Compton effect?
ii) In cooling X-Ray tube \[\left( {Modern{\text{ }}X - Ray{\text{ }}Tube} \right)\] how will you vary:
1) Intensity of emitted X-Rays?
2) Penetrating power of emitted X-Rays?

Answer 1

Hint:We can solve this by using Compton's experiment which was invented by scientist Arthur Holly Compton.Compton effect is the phenomenon of X-Ray which occurs due to change of wavelengths of incident ray and scattered ray.We can find the variation of intensity by the help of the rheostat of the tube and by adjusting current.

Complete step by step answer:
(i)Compton effect: The American Physicist Arthur Holly Compton explained the phenomenon of Compton effect \[\left( {in{\text{ }}1922} \right).\] When the monochromatic beam of X-Ray incident on a Scattering material, the wavelength of the scattered X-Rays is slightly greater than the incident ray and this phenomenon is known as Compton effect. It is the medium energy phenomenon. In this effect a small part of the energy of the photon is transferred to a single electron.

(ii)(1) Intensity of emitted X-Rays: Intensity of emitted X-Rays is the energy radiated per unit time per unit area by that X-Ray. By using the help of rheostat, if we change the filament current, the intensity of emitted X-Rays can be changed. The intensity of the emitted X-Ray is increasing by increasing the filament current.

(2) Penetrating power of emitted X-Rays:Penetrating power is the power of an transmitted electron beam. Penetrating power will be increased if we can increase the energy of X-Rays.We can increase the penetrating power by applying high potential difference in the tube. If we apply a high potential difference, the emission wavelength of X-Ray will decrease. It leads to high energy. Therefore the penetrating power can be increased.

Note:X-Ray is produced when accelerated electrons are colliding with the target of the X-Ray tube.There is a reservoir that contains a volume of coolant in the cooling X-ray tube. It helps the tube to remove the heat.Compton effect is most likely to occur with loosely bound electrons that are the outermost orbit electrons.We can increase the effect of Compton scattering by increasing the mass density of the absorber.