Question

How do you identify diastereomers?

Answer 1

Hint: We know that as we are aware with the diastereomers which are basically those stereoisomers that are non-superimposable as well as are not the mirror images of each other. They also possess chiral carbons. The diastereomers are the chiral carbon-containing compounds where chiral carbon is defined as the compound having all the four different groups attached to the central atoms of carbon.

Complete step by step solution:
We know that the total number of stereoisomers can be calculated using the formula written as ${{2}^{n}}$ where ‘n’ is the number of chiral carbons or centers present in the compound. Diastereomers are the compounds that possess the same molecular formula but are non-superimposable meaning that the molecules can never be placed similarly on top of one another and they are also non-mirror images of each other.
We should also consider the Fischer projection of the stereoisomers which shows that the configuration of the compound is opposite at one or more than one chiral center. Therefore, we can say that if any given compound possesses a single chiral carbon center then it will generally form two diastereomers. If the compound contains a total of two asymmetric carbons or chiral carbons then it will form four diastereomers proven by the above given formula. Also Diastereomers are geometric isomers that are NOT mirror images.
If we take \[trans-2-butene~\] versus \[cis-2-butene\], clearly the connectivity of each isomer are the same, i.e. \[C1\] connects to \[C2\] connects to \[C3\] connects to \[C4\]. Yet, nevertheless the Trans isomer is manifestly different geometrically to the cis isomer. \[Trans-2-butene~\] and \[cis-2-butene~\] are geometric isomers with different physical and chemical properties.

Note:
Remember that the diastereomers are non-superimposable and non-mirror images which is different from enantiomers where enantiomers are those molecules which are actually the mirror images of each other but just like diastereomers, they are also non-superimposable images of each other.