Question

Highlight the ways through which infectious diseases generally spread in human communities.

Answer 1

Hint:The infectious diseases are caused by some pathogenic microbes like bacteria, virus, fungi, etc. Hence, our body fluids will contain those certain germs which makes the transmission easier for the microbes, through coughing, sneezing, direct contact, etc.

Complete answer:
An infectious disease occurs when a certain microbe enters the cells of our body, reproducing and multiplying in number, and hence taking over the metabolism and causing a reaction.
They can be transmitted both by direct contact, and indirect contact too, depending on the source of that infectious germ. So now let us discuss some ways of both direct and indirect spread;
>Droplet infection - The tiny droplets which are spread during sneezing and coughing will contain the infectious microbes.
>Direct person-to-person infection - When an infected person touches or contacts a non-infected person, there occurs the exchange of body fluids and hence they spread.
>Contaminated objects - When you touch an object soon after an uninfected person, you are prone to infection. And the transmission occurs when you touch your mouth, nose, for eyes before cleaning your hands.
>Airborne spread - Some microbes can travel for a long time and stay in the air for some time.
Waterborne and contaminated food - Microbes can spread through contaminated or uncooked foods or improperly maintained food.
>Through animals - Microbes can be found in the faeces of animals. So you should take care while cleaning them.
>Vector borne - Some infections are spread by the bites of certain insects like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. They are infected when they bite an infected person, and the person they bite soon after is also infected.

Note:Some common prevention methods to be followed are:
>Cover your nose and mouth with a towel when you sneeze.
>Avoiding contact with infected people.
>Washing and cleaning your hands frequently with soap thoroughly.
>Getting vaccinated.