Question

Give the structural formula and IUPAC name of the following compounds
(a) Formaldehyde-
(b) Acetone
             

Answer 1

Hint: Atoms combine together in a definite ratio to form molecules. Different molecules having different chemical formulas and different structures. Due to different structures, different molecules have different properties.

Complete step by step answer:
Formaldehyde is a polar molecule because in its structure the carbon atom directly combines with oxygen atom. The electronegativity of an oxygen atom is greater than carbon so it attracts the shared pairs of electrons towards itself so oxygen carries one unit negative charge and carbon carries one unit positive charge so formaldehyde behaves as a polar molecule.
And due to the polar nature of formaldehyde it dissolves only polar molecules like water molecules.
The chemical formula of Formaldehyde is \[HCHO\] or also written as \[C{H_2}O\]. And the \[IUPAC\] name of formaldehyde is Methanal.
The universal colourless organic solvent is Acetone and the chemical formula of Acetone is \[\left( {C{H_3}} \right)CO\]. And the \[IUPAC\] name of acetone is Propanone. Acetone is also known as dimethyl ketone. Acetone is the smallest ketone in nature.

Note:
Formaldehyde-
The molecular weight of \[30.01g/mol\] and the boiling point of formaldehyde is \[ - {19^O}C\].
The Formaldehyde is a very pungent smell and it is a very irritating odour.
Formaldehyde is very useful in industries like the chemical industry, in labs. It is used in cosmetics, as a fertilizer to increase the yield of the crop.
Acetone-
The molecular weight \[58.08g/mol\] of and the melting point of \[ - {95^O}C\]
Acetone is very useful in household products, in labs and the very common use of acetone is removal nail paint by acetone.
It is volatile in nature so it is always placed in a closed container to prevent the evaporation of acetone molecules in air.