Question

Give the name of the process involved in DNA fragmentation?

Answer 1

Hint: DNA are polynucleotide chains that are winded around each other to form a helical structure. It is the molecule that carries all the genetic information and instruction related to all important biological processes and protein formation. It appears as two strands that run anti parallel to each other.

Complete step by step answer: The process of separation of the DNA strands is known as DNA fragmentations. It is described as the process of breaking down the DNA strands into fragments. The process can take place in two ways which are spontaneous DNA fragmentation and intentional DNA fragmentation. It was first reported by Williamson when isolated from mouse liver cells as a degraded product of nuclear DNA.
 In nature, DNA fragmentation occurs in a normal way. This process of DNA fragmentation can be called spontaneous DNA fragmentation. It is also known as accidental DNA fragmentation. The spontaneous DNA fragmentation is the fragmentation that gradually accumulates in the cell. The accumulated DNA fragments can be measured through the Comet essay or by the TUNEL assay.
Intentional DNA fragmentation is a procedure which includes mechanical breakage of DNA sequences employed in the laboratory in specific conditions by laboratory personnel. It is used to break the DNA fragments which are necessary for library construction or in subcloning of DNA sequences.
Restriction digestion is the process involved in DNA fragmentation in the laboratory conditions. THe process is an enzyme-based treatment that is used to cut DNA strands into smaller strands. The process is used in biotechnology to study fragments length differences among individuals or for the purpose of gene cloning. In this process, DNA fragments are generated by either simultaneous cleavage of both the strands or by production of nicks on each of the strands. This produces breaks on the double strands of the DNA which generates DNA fragments.

Note: The process of DNA fragmentation is an important tool employed in biotechnology and is used to study the features between the fragmented strands of the individuals and are also used in the process of gene cloning. Restriction digestion process is used in DNA fragmentation and it is an enzyme-based treatment. The two strands of DNA are treated chemically to produce DNA fragments.