Question

Give the IUPAC name of the following compounds. If more than one compound is
possible name all of them.
a.) An aldehyde derived from ethane.
b.) A ketone derived from butane.
c.) A chloride derived from propane.
d.) An alcohol derived from pentane.

Answer 1

Hint: Steps to write the IUPAC name of a compound:
Identify the functional group (it can be alcohol, aldehyde, ether etc.).
Find the longest carbon chain.
Number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
If there is any branched group, identify their position and name them.
Combine the elements' names in a single word.

Complete step by step solution:
The IUPAC names of aldehydes are derived from the name of the alkane by changing the -e of alkane to -al. Now in the question it's given an aldehyde derived from ethane.

So, if we change -e of ethane to -al, the IUPAC name will become ethanal (\[C{{H}_{3}}CHO\]).
The IUPAC names of ketones are derived from those of the parent alkanes by changing the -e of alkane to -one. Now, a ketone derived from butane is formed by changing -e of butane to -one, the IUPAC name will be Butanone (\[C{{H}_{3}}COC{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}\]).

Chloroalkane is a compound derived from the parent alkane chain by substituting Cl instead of H on one of the carbon atoms. Now, chloride derived from propane are of two types.
By substituting chlorine on the 1st position of the carbon chain of propane the IUPAC name will be 1-chloropropane (\[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{2}}Cl\]).

By substituting chlorine on the 1st position of the carbon chain of propane the IUPAC name will be 2-chloropropane (\[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}ClC{{H}_{3}}\]).

Alcohols can be derived from alkanes, in terms of the base structure, except that a hydroxyl or alcohol group is attached to one or more of the carbons in the chain, i.e. the -e of alkane will be changed to -ol. Now, an alcohol derived from pentane is of three types.

By substituting an alcohol on the 1st position of the carbon chain of pentane the IUPAC name will be Penta-1-ol (\[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{2}}OH\]).

By substituting an alcohol on the 2st position of the carbon chain of pentane the IUPAC name will be Penta-2-ol (\[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{2}}CHOHC{{H}_{3}}\]).

By substituting an alcohol on the 2st position of the carbon chain of pentane the IUPAC name will be Penta-3-ol (\[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}CHOHC{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}\])

So, we have learnt how to give all the possible IUPAC names of a compound.

Note: IUPAC names differ from common names. IUPAC is systematic naming of the compounds by incorporating bonding and basic structural connections. Common names are how we call it in everyday life.