Question

Give scientific reason: Microbial enzymes are said to be eco-friendly.

Answer 1

Hint: Usually, microbial enzymes catalyse the reactions of hydrolysis, oxidation, or reduction.
Microbial enzymes have different active site motifs targeting diversified substrates.
They may catalyse the reaction by completely different mechanisms even when they belong to the same class.

Complete answer:
Enzymes: They are proteins that increase the rate of all the chemical reactions taking place within the cells.
Enzymes are catalysts which mean that each enzyme only increases the rate of specific reaction.
The enzymes in your body help to perform very different tasks.
The fungus group includes protease, cellulose, xylanase, and lipase and amylase type of enzymes.
These fungal enzymes are fitted for industrial applications for several purposes.
Bacteria contain some enzymes which help in degradation of proteins into amino acids.
This degradation process is known as proteolysis.
The biocatalytic potential of microorganisms has been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar, and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients.
Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost-effectiveness, and nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics.
Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenol compounds, nitrides, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion.

Note:
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic bacteria.
This includes nitrogen fixing bacteria which live in moist soils and water.
Cyanobacteria are also known as blue-green algae. Though they are able to conduct photosynthesis and live in many of the same environments as so they are included in prokaryotes.