Question

What is the function of non-histone protein?

Answer 1

Hint: The acetylation process of non-histone protein is regarded as a key cellular process which is involved in disease and physiology. It is also found in vital processes like the process of gene transcription, signal transduction, DNA damage repair, cell division, protein folding.

Complete answer:
In eukaryotes, the non‐histone chromatin proteins are actually a heterogeneous group of proteins which are involved in playing an important role in the process of regulating different processes like nucleosome remodelling, DNA replication, RNA synthesis, RNA processing, transport across the nucleus, the action of steroid hormone as well as interphase/mitosis transition.
During the section of the cell cycle when replication of DNA is replicated, the non-histone chromosomal proteins are responsible for helping in the process of activation of the histone gene transcription. The non-histone protein is also responsible for helping in the regulation of the histone gene expression.

A histone is a class of protein which is responsible for providing the structural support to the chromosome. For a long DNA molecule to fit into the nucleus of the cell, the histone proteins are required which are responsible for giving a stable structure to the chromosome. Some of the variations are associated with the histone for regulating the gene expression. The histones proteins are known to be mostly composed of positively charged amino acids like lysine and arginine. The positive charges present on amino acids allow them to closely bind with the negatively charged DNA molecules by means of electrostatic interactions. The neutralization of the charges present in DNA allows them to be more tightly packed.

Note: There is much difference between histone and nonhistone proteins. Both of these proteins are responsible to provide structural stability to DNA molecules, both of them are known to be components of chromatin also. Their main difference is in terms of their structure they are known to provide. The histone proteins are like the spools around which the DNA winds, on the other hand, the nonhistone proteins are known to provide a scaffolding like structure.