Question

What is the function of chromatin material?

Answer 1

Hint: Chromatin granules the genetic material of a cell consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid. Chromatin is mainly involved in the compaction process of DNA.

Complete answer:
The chromatin is a structure made up of DNA and histones. They exist in both compact form(heterochromatin) as well as less compact form (euchromatin). When the chromatin is in the condensed form, no replication of DNA occurs because of the tight chromatin structure conformation. The replication only occurs in the loose form of chromatin, i.e. euchromatin.
The primary protein components present in chromatin are histones. It binds to the DNA and functions as "anchors". The DNA strands are wound around histones. Generally, there are three levels of chromatin organization: They are;
i. DNA with histones form nucleosomes and the so-called beads on a string structure (euchromatin).
ii. Multiple histones wrap into a 30-nanometer fibre that consists of nucleosome arrays in their most compact form.
iii. Higher-level DNA supercoiling of the 30-nm fibre produces the metaphase chromosome (during mitosis and meiosis).

Additional information: The chromatin is only observed in the interphase stage of the cell cycle, where DNA replication occurs. It becomes condensed at the prophase stage and forms a structure called chromosomes. Whenever the cell is on the point of the divide, the chromatin granule gets condensed to make the chromosomes. The assorted functions of the chromatin granule embrace the packaging of deoxyribonucleic acid material during a lot of compact state for the cellular replica and regulate organic phenomenon for the synthesis of proteins.

Note: The packaging of eukaryotic DNA into chromatin presents a barrier to all DNA-based processes that require recruitment of enzymes to their sites of action. To allow the critical cellular process of DNA repair, the chromatin must be remodelled.