Question

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of-

Answer 1

Hint: Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of analogous organs or convergent evolution. In biology, we know that evolution is the change or repetitive changes in the species over several generations or we can say generation by generation. It relies on the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is the theory which possesses the survival of the fittest. Survival according to the genetic combinations the stronger ones should and they survive while the weaker ones get eliminated. This is the theory of natural selection.

Complete answer:
In evolution the mentioned example of flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous evolution. Analogous evolution refers to the similarity in function but superficial resemblance of structures in simple words, different morphological characteristics. Both the organ- flippers show the same function helping in swimming but the organisms are totally different in appearance from each other. This is known as convergent evolution.
Many converging developments in plants are known, such as the continued development of photosynthesis, flesh fruits dispersal of seeds that are suitable for animal consumption and carnivory. There are several examples of convergent evolution like- wings of a fly, a moth, bird because they developed independently as adaptations to a common function- flying.
Convergent evolution is when two species with different ancestral origins develop similar characteristics. They both have common ancestry. In total there are three types of evolution- convergent, divergent and parallel.

Note:
We studied convergent evolution, its examples other than that divergent evolution or homologous evolution is another evolution in which organs have different functions but are similar in appearance. They do not have common ancestors. Homologous structure shares a similar origin. For instance, the bones in the front pin of a whale are similar to the bones in the human arm. The forelimbs of vertebrates, where the wings of birds and bats, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales and the forelegs of four legged vertebrates like dogs and crocodiles are derived from the ancestral tetrapod structure.