Question

Flagellated cells are absent in-
A. Red algae
B. Blue green algae
C. Higher seed plants
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: As we know, the Flagella term is associated with structures related to movement. Flagella consists of basically three parts: outermost long filament, hook and the basal body. It is made up of flagellin protein.

Complete answer:
Cytological structure of Red alga is eukaryotic cell without possessing flagella, centrioles, along with phycobiliproteins and chloroplast lacking any external endoplasmic reticulum and have unstacked thylakoid. Cyanobacteria or blue green algae do not have such organs for movement such as flagella, but some of the filamentous blue green algae exhibit gliding movement due to the slime secretion along with contractile waves present in the cells. Whereas in the case of higher seed bearing plants like gymnosperm and angiosperm, flagella are absent since the presence of pollen grain eliminates use of water for fertilization which is also an evolutionary development.

Hence, the correct answer is option D i.e. all of the above.

Note:
Cilia and flagella are the hair-like appendages present which serve the primary function of locomotion. Cilia are generally found in eukaryotic organisms, on the other hand flagella can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Internally the structure of cilia and flagella is the same but if in a cell there is one or a few of them it is called flagella and if there are many it is called cilia. These structures help in moving the fluid around them for movement. If the cells are immobile i.e. can not move, then they are helpful in moving the fluid around them serving purpose for transportation of other substances.