Question

What was the first recombinant DNA based product, produced and marketed in India?

Answer 1

Hint: Recombinant DNA technology is the latest biochemical analysis to fulfill the necessity for specific DNA segments. During this process, surrounding DNA from an existing cell is clipped within the desired amount of segments in order that it will be copied a lot of times.

Step by step answer:Recombinant DNA, molecules of DNA from two different species that are inserted into a number of organisms to supply new genetic combinations that are important to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry. recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid technology has made it easy to isolate one gene or the other segment of DNA, enabling researchers to work out its nucleotide sequence, study its transcripts, mutate it in highly specific ways, and reinsert the modified sequence into a living organism. In 1986, the Recombivax HB vaccine for hepatitis B was approved for human use in several countries, the culmination of research started by William Rutter, Pablo Valenzuela, and colleagues in 1979 on the cloning of viral hepatitis virus (HBV) antigens. it absolutely was the primary vaccine to be produced using DNA technology and although it absolutely was only the third recombinant product to be approved for clinical use.
The first commercial HBV vaccine was supported inactivated virus collected from the plasma of HBV-infected donors. However, plasma products at the time had been related to HIV-1 and HCV transmission, and vaccine supply was limited by the supply of chronic HBV carriers. Therefore, the employment of desoxyribonucleic acid technology was a lovely option for the development of a vaccine.
In 1979, William Rutter, and colleagues, including Pablo Valenzuela cloned HBsAg into Escherichia expression vectors, demonstrating the chance of using recombinant HBsAg as an HBV vaccine. Using Dane particles isolated from human serum by one among their funders, Merck Sharpe and Dohme synthesized ds-viral DNA and dispensed restriction mapping and Maxam–Gilbert DNA sequencing to assemble the viral genome.
In 1982, the identical group, along with colleagues from the University of Washington, cloned HBsAg into yeast expression vectors. They used a plasmid which placed the coding sequence under the control of a constitutive yeast promoter, which enabled a high level of HBsAg to be produced.
The ability to supply immunogenic HBsAg in genome-free virus-like particles proved to be a breakthrough. It allowed large-scale production of HBV vaccines unable to infect host cells, and also created a blueprint for vaccines against other pathogens like human papillomavirus and malaria and showed that a vaccine may well be produced without the disease-causing pathogen itself.

Note: Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective and safe vaccine. The vaccine is an inactivated non-infectious hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine and contains between 10 and 40 μg of HB3Ag protein per mL with apparently similar rates of seroconversion. Pediatric vaccines contain no thimerosal. The vaccine is given to newborns at birth. This vaccine is additionally combined with other vaccines, and maybe concurrently with other vaccines but via a separate syringe and at another site. Three injections of viral hepatitis vaccine are required within the first 6 months of life.