Question

First hormone obtained from genetically engineered bacteria is
A. Adrenaline
B. Thyroxine
C. Insulin
D. Testosterone

Answer 1

Hint: Genetic engineering is also called as genetic modification which is nothing but the alteration of the DNA in order to produce certain organism characteristics in a particular way.

Complete answer:
Genetic engineering is the alteration of the DNA which means either changing the base pair or removing the one portion or segment or adding the additional base pairs.
In this DNA of the one organism is extracted and combined with the other.
Genetic engineering is mainly used to enhance or modify the characteristic features of the organism.
Genetic engineering can be done from single cell organisms to multicellular and even viruses.
Even insulin which regulates the sugar levels in the human body is also done with genetic engineering, usually it is produced by the pancreas inside the body.
In regular people insulin is produced by the pancreas, but people with diabetes are unable to produce insulin and they have to inject it into the body to maintain body sugar levels.
So genetic engineering has been used to produce insulin which is similar to human insulin that is mainly done with yeast or with E. Coli.
This genetically modified insulin is called as humulin and it got a license in the year.
Genetic engineering of human insulin
The circular DNA or plasmid is extracted from the bacteria or yeast and a small cut is made with molecular scissors and in the gap human insulin gene is inserted and enters this genetically modified plasmid into bacteria and the bacteria divides produce the human insulin.

So from the above explanation insulin is the right answer.

Note:
In order to produce large amounts of insulin, the genetically modified bacteria is cultured and fermented so that bacteria get all the required nutrients and divide vigorously and produce large amounts of insulin.