Question

Find out the correct level of succession levels in xerarch.
a. Lichen, moss stage, annual herb stage, perennial herb stage, shrub stage, forest.
b. Annual herb stage, perennial herb stage, lichen, moss stage, shrub stage, forest.
c. Perennial herb stage, annual herb stage, lichen, moss stage, shrub stage, forest.
d. Shrub stage, forest, annual herb stage, perennial herb stage, lichen moss stage.
e. Forest, shrub stage, annual stage, perennial herb stage, lichen, moss stage.

Answer 1

Hint: Ecological adaptation generally means that the basic adjustment of an organism according to the environment so that it could be able to survive and reproduce on a better scale.

Complete answer:
The basic phenomenon of the ecological system works in a way that the unused one could be made adaptable to life and sustainability.

Xerarch succession is commonly known as xerosere generally deals with the dry areas with stones, clay, silt, and almost barren. Hence, it is made adaptable and suitable for life existence. Living organisms need a perfect climate and environment for their better survival, in this succession, the process goes on step by step. In this, the organisms or the type of living organism is placed upon accordingly for its life-sustaining habitat.

The phenomenon could be more clear by the flow chart -
Herb stage -> shrub stage -> young forest stage -> mature forest stage -> climax forest stage.
The chart tells us about the common plant succession that includes all these five stages.

However, the lichens are considered as the pioneer organisms that generally signify that firstly life would exist and then the environment for its adaptability. Hence, the flow charge resembles the correct xerarch succession as;
Lichen -> moss stage -> annual herb stage -> perennial herb stage -> shrub stage -> forest.

Therefore, option (A) is the correct option.

Additional Information:
- Xerarch succession is generally limited by the supply of water availability.
- Sand deserts, sand dunes, etc., falls under this category.

Note: Lichens are pioneers here because the organism comes before the environment and hence performs the process of adaptability and leads to a desired ecological system of a particular area respectively.