Question

Explain the four adaptations of xerophytes.

Answer 1

Hint: The plant species which adapts to survive in an environment with no or little water are known as xerophytes. These plants are generally found in snow covered regions like the Arctic region or the region with extreme heat like the desert.

Complete answer:
The xerophytic plants could have similar structures, shapes, and forms even in the plants that are not closely related. The adaptive features of the xerophytic plants are as follows-
• Reduction in the surface area- the reduction of the area which is exposed to air helps the plant in reducing the water loss by evaporation or transpiration. These plants have smaller leaves mainly modified into thorn-like structures and they are scarcely branched.
• Formation of water vapour rich environment- some plants consist of tiny hairs in its surface which provides reduced air flow and wind break. This in turn reduces the rate of evaporation. Stomata is located in between these hairy structures for reducing their exposure to wind so that a humid environment could be maintained.
• Reflective features of xerophytes- the leaves of these plants are covered with a waxy layer. This waxy layer reduces the rate of transpiration by reflecting the sunlight.
• Cuticles present in xerophytes- The xerophytic plants consist of thick cuticles. These cuticles act as a first line of defense for the aerial parts of the plant. It provides protection against both biotic as well as abiotic factors.

Note: Since xerophytic plants are found in deserted areas many military troops use them as a line of defense against their country. In addition to it planting them helps in fixation of the sand dunes and prevents desertification.