Question

Explain:
(I) Zone refining (II) Column chromatography

Answer 1

Hint: Zone refining is a method used for refining elements like Silicon (Si), Boron (B), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) etc. while column Chromatography is a very useful technique used for purification and reparation of elements available in minute quantities.

Complete step by step answer:
Zone refining and column chromatography.
First of all, let us answer what is zone refining.
Zone refining: Zone refining is a method based on the principle that the impurities are more soluble in the molten state of metal (also called melt) than in the solid state in this method a circular mobile heater is fixed at one end of a rod of impure metal and as the heater moves with it. As a result of which, pure metal crystallizer out of the melt and the impurities pass into the adjacent molten zone, the process is repeated several times, which leads to segregation of impurities at one end the rod then, the end with the impurities is cut off. Metal like Silicon, Boron, Indium, Gallium etc can be purified with the help of this process
Now, let us explain column Chromatography
Column Chromatography: It is a method which is used for separation and purification of different components of a mixture.
Chromatography is based on the principle that different components of a mixture are differently adsorbed on the adsorbent. In chromatography there are two phases: mobile phase and stationary phase. The stationary phase is immobile and immiscible. In column chromatography the stationary phase usually used is $A{l_2}{O_3}$ column while the mobile phase may be gas, liquid on supercritical liquid.

Note:
It is interesting to note that the zone refining process is used in solar cells. It is also noteworthy that the main advantage of column chromatography is its relative law cast and disposability of the stationary phase.