Question

Explain how the laws of segregation and the law of independent assortment are different?

Answer 1

Hint: The process involves the formation of the gametes from the parents and also the separation of their traits. These are the two laws given by Mendel and are the basis of inheritance by using pea plants.

Complete answer:
Difference between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment

Law of segregation	Law of Independent assortment
It involves a single trait.	It involves two traits.
It is for the monohybrid cross.	It is for the dihybrid cross.
It is the first law of Mendelian inheritance.	It is the second law of Mendelian inheritance.
It describes the process of segregation of genes into two gametes and reunites after fertilization.	It describes the segregation of alleles of different genes during the formation of gametes.
The ratio in this experiment is 3:1.	The ratio in this experiment is 9:3:3:2.
It occurs during meiosis I.	It occurs during meiosis, mostly in Prophase I.
It does not undergo crossing over.	It undergoes crossing over to form a different trait.
It involves a single trait like the height of the plant (tallness and dwarfness).	It involves two or more traits, like color and shape of the seed (round and yellow, green and wrinkled seed).

Note: Mendelian inheritance was originally proposed by Gregor Johann Mendel in 1865 and 1866. These were rediscovered in 1900 and were made infamous by William Bateson. The third law is the Law of dominance in which one allele is dominant over the other. The basis of Mendel’s law is the crossing of two parents leading to resultant offspring. Its phenotypic ratio is similar to the phenotypic ratio of the law of segregation which is 3:1.