Question

Explain briefly PCR.

Answer 1

Hint: PCR is an acronym used to refer to Polymerase chain reaction, is a technique to make numerous copies of a specific DNA region in vitro that is in a test tube rather than an organism. PCR depends on a thermostable DNA polymerase, Tab polymerase, as well as DNA primers designed specifically for the DNA region of interest.

Complete answer:
Principle of PCR
The PCR technique relies on the enzymatic replication of the DNA. In PCR, there is a short segment of DNA which is amplified using primer mediated enzymes. The DNA Polymerase synthesiser is a brand new strand of DNA complementary to the main template of DNA. The DNA polymerase can be used to add a nucleotide to the pre-existing 3’-OH group only. Therefore, it is a main requirement. Thus, more nucleotides are added to the 3’ prime end of the DNA polymerase.

Components Of PCR consists the following:
> DNA Template– The DNA of intrested or aimed from the sample.

> DNA Polymerase– the Tad Polymerase is used. It is considered as thermostable as well as he does not denature at very high temperatures.

> Oligonucleotide Primers- These are said to be short stretches of single-stranded of DNA complementary to the 3’ ends of sense along with antisense strands.

> Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate– These give energy for polymerization as well as are the building blocks for the synthesis of DNA. These are single units of bases.

> Buffer System– Magnesium as well as Potassium give optimum conditions for DNA denaturation along with renaturation. It is also essential for fidelity, polymerase activity, as well as stability.

Note: PCR is so sensitive that the DNA found in an individual cell can be isolated as well as amplified. This procedure is faster as well as less tedious than the traditional methods of gene cloning.