Question

Expand the given terms
a) TB
b) BCG
c) DPT
d) OPV

Answer 1

Hint: Most of the mentioned short forms are the types of vaccines given to children during their primary years. They are used against polio and tuberculosis. The vaccination is essential for the eradication of a particular disease from an area.

Complete answer:
- TB is tuberculosis. It is caused by the infection of the mycobacterium. It affects the lungs of the person affected by it. It is spread from person to person through the air. It can also affect the other parts of the body including the brain, kidneys, and spine. If not treated it can lead to the death of the person infected. The symptoms include cough which lasts for more than three weeks.
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is the full form of the BCG vaccine. It is used against the infection of tuberculosis. In the areas where the occurrence of tuberculosis is high the children present in that area are given this vaccine to provide them immunity against the disease. Sometimes used in cases related to leprosy. The areas which are usually infected by this disease makes the children prone to that disease. So, the children are usually given a single dose of this vaccine to provide immunization against tuberculosis. It is used in the treatment of bladder cancer. The protection through this vaccine usually lasts up to 20years.
- DPT is the diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine. It is a special vaccine which provides immunity from the three diseases. Diphtheria and the tetanus components present in the vaccine together kill the pertussis antigens. This vaccine is given in five doses to children. These five doses are given at an age of 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and between 4-6 years of age.
- OPV is the oral polio vaccine. It is given to fight against polio. This vaccine is given to the children under the age of 5 years. Polio causes paralysis of the lower limbs in the children. It also reduces the life of the children.

Note: Vaccine is used to eradicate a particular disease present in the society. The vaccine reduces the chance of getting infected from that particular virus and prepares our body with proper antibodies to fight against it.