Question

Ernest Chain and Howard Florey contribution was
A. Discovery of streptokinase
B. Discovery of DNA sequence
C. Establishing the potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotics
D. Production of genetically engineered insulin

Answer 1

Hint: Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968) and Ernst Boris Chain (1906–1979) were the scientists who gave up most successfully on Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin, sharing with him the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Complete answer:
Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, OM, FRS, FRCP (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared his Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin (antibiotic).
Although Fleming received most of the praise for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey only who carried out the first clinical trials of penicillin in 1941 at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, who is a police constable from Oxford.
And at the end, the patient started to recover but unfortunately died because Florey was not there at that time and could not make enough penicillin.
Florey's discoveries, along with the discoveries of Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures.
So, the correct option is option C, i.e., Establishing the potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic.

Note: Penicillin is the group of antibiotics that is derived normally from the moulds of penicillin which mainly includes penicillin G which is used as intravenous, penicillin V is used by mouth, and procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin they both are used as intramuscular.