Question

Ecological diversity includes
a. Species diversity
b. Genetic diversity
c. Ecosystem diversity
d. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: It deals with the variations prevailing in various geographical areas and the relationship between organisms and the environment.

Complete step-by-step solution:
Ecological diversity includes species diversity, genetic diversity, and the ecosystem diversity. They are collectively considered as the Biodiversity. It is the sum of all kinds of animals and plants living in this earth along with their habitat.

Additional Information:
1. Species diversity- Species is the basic structural and functional unit of any taxonomic classification. Species diversity refers to the variety of species living in a common habitat. The rainforests and corals show high species diversity.
2. Genetic diversity- It is defined as the variation present in the genes of the organisms of a species. The more closely related are the organisms, the more is the similarity between them. It also takes into account the effect of environmental factors on an organism.
3. Ecosystem diversity- It represents the inter-relation between the living (plants and animals) and nonliving components (climate, soil, chemicals) of the environment. A drop of water represents the smallest ecosystem. Tree, ponds, ocean, well, etc. all are examples of ecosystems.
So, the correct answer is ‘All of the above'.

Note:
1. Sun acts as the ultimate source of energy in every ecosystem.
2. The energy present in an ecosystem is continuously regulated between its components through the processes of photosynthesis, decomposition, rain, drainage of water, etc.
3. Genetic erosion- It refers to the loss of genetic diversity within a species.
4. Species diversity can be measured in terms of species richness and species evenness.