Question

Draw the structure of the chromosome and label its parts.

Answer 1

Hint: Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated. Unduplicated chromosomes are single double helixes, whereas duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies (called chromatids or sister chromatids) joined by a centromere.

Complete answer:

Additional information:
Chromosomes are thread-like structures within which DNA is tightly packaged in the nucleus. It can also be defined as a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. DNA is coiled around proteins called histones, which give its structure support. Chromosomes help make sure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during organic processes.

Each chromosome contains a centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections:
The p (short) arm and therefore the q (long) arm. The centromere is found at the cell’s constriction point, which can or might not be the middle of the chromosome. The arrangement of the centromere on each chromosome gives its characteristic shape. Before this, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the initial by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure. The initial chromosome and therefore the copy are then called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is termed a metaphase chromosome.

Structure of a chromosome:
Following replication, the DNA condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome actually consists of a group of duplicate chromatids that are held together by the centromere. The centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore, a protein structure that's connected to the spindle fibres. The centromere duplicates, and the chromatid pair separates; each chromatid becomes a separate chromosome at this time. The chromosomes uncoil within the new cells, again forming the diffuse network of chromatin.

> Centromeres: The constricted region of linear chromosomes is understood because of the centromere. It’s located at the chromosome's end. The regions on either side of the centromere are stated because the chromosome's arms. Centromeres help to stay chromosomes properly aligned during the complex process of cellular division. As chromosomes are copied in preparation for production of a new cell, the centromere is an attachment site for the 2 halves of every replicated chromosome, referred to as sister chromatids.

> Telomeres: Telomeres are repetitive stretches of DNA located at the ends of linear chromosomes. They protect the ends of chromosomes. At the tip of every chromosome could be a repetitive nucleotide sequence cap called a telomere. Arranged on the chromosomes are genes. Genes are products of DNA and contain the instructions for building proteins.

Note: Chromosome location is a way to explain the placement of genes on a chromosome. Differently to spot the placement of a gene is by using the molecular location. The sequencing of the bottom pairs describes the molecular location of the gene on a chromosome. The molecular location is more precise; however, small variations within the address may occur between research groups as a result of varying genome sequencing methods.