Question

Draw the diagram of an electromagnetic wave.

Answer 1

Hint: Electromagnetic waves are also known as EM waves that are produced when an electric field comes in contact with the magnetic field. It can also be said that electromagnetic waves are the composition of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Time varying magnetic fields give rise to electric fields and vice-versa. The behavior of time dependent electromagnetic waves is described by a set of equations known as Maxwell’s equations.

Complete step by step solution:
 We have seen that in certain situations light $E$ may be described as a wave. The wave equation for light propagating in x-direction in vacuum may be written as
\[E = {E_o}\sin \omega \left( {t - \dfrac{x}{c}} \right)\]
Where, $E$ is the sinusoidally varying electric field at the position $x$ at time $t.$
The constant $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. The electric field is in the Y-Z plane that is perpendicular to direction of propagation.
There is also the sinusoidally varying magnetic field associated with the electric field when light propagates. This magnetic field is perpendicular to direction of propagation as well as to the electric field $E.$ it is given by
$B = {B_o}\sin \omega \left( {t - \dfrac{x}{c}} \right)$
Such a combination of mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields is referred to as an electromagnetic wave in vacuum.

Electromagnetic waves are shown by a sinusoidal graph. It consists of time-varying electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and are also perpendicular to the direction of propagation of waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. The highest point of the wave is known as crest while the lowest point is known as a trough. In vacuum, the waves travel at a constant velocity of $3 \times {10^8}m{s^{ - 1}}.$

Note: Following are a few applications of electromagnetic waves:
1. Electromagnetic waves can transmit energy in vacuum or using no medium at all.
2. Electromagnetic waves play an important role in communication technology.
3. Electromagnetic waves are used in RADARS.
4. UV rays are used to detect forged bank notes. Real banknotes don’t turn fluorescent under the UV light.
5. Infrared radiation is used for night vision and is used in security cameras.