Question

How does the environment affect gene expression?

Answer 1

Hint: In an organism, the expression of genes can be affected by the environment, including the outer world in which the organism is situated or grows, as well as the inner world of the organism, which incorporates influences such as its hormones and metabolism.

Complete answer:
Both our genes and our climate are the product of the most common diseases. Personal preferences, such as what diets we consume and how much we workout, and environmental influences, such as stress, clean water and air quality, can be part of our environment. The only consequence in just a single mutation in a gene being a limited number of diseases. Huntington disease and Tay Sachs are examples of these single-gene diseases.
Most diseases are a mixture of our genetic vulnerability and our climate, including common diseases. Grouping diseases into either solely 'genetic' or 'environmental' is getting complicated because most diseases are a little bit of both. For example, both smoking and a condition called alpha-1-AT deficiency may be the product of emphysema.

It is crucial to recognise that our chromosomes do not decide our fitness much of the time. Small variations in the genetic code mean that the same environmental exposure will be reacted to by two individuals differently. Here are several ways our genes and our environments can communicate:
-In the world, mutagens are toxins that penetrate the body and modify the DNA sequence directly. For example: Cancer can be caused by chemicals in tobacco smoke.
-Gene-gene interactions arise when the DNA sequence is not modified by toxins in the environment, but rather induces a chain reaction that influences one gene's functioning, and then affects another gene's functioning. For example: Consuming too much alcohol on a daily basis will cause a particular gene, TACE, not to produce enough of its protein.
-The DNA sequence can be indirectly altered by toxins in the environment by modifying transcription factors which are responsible for initiating the process of using genes to generate proteins that are required for various body functions. For example, stress will affect the amount of proteins created by genes involved in your immune system, so when you're stressed, you can get sick more quickly.
-By affecting the proteins that turn genes on or off the world will change your wellbeing. For more information on epigenetics, continue reading. For example, half the genes that cause family or genetic cancer are shut off when these proteins are affected by toxins in the environment. These genes do not inhibit tumour development or repair DNA due to the fact that they are switched off.

Note: The epigenome is the main site of gene-environment relations which can be actively and indirectly changed by the environment. It simply means variables outside of the genetic sequence on top of or in comparison to genetics, or practically. Epigenetic variables will turn on or off genes to decide which proteins are transcribed. They are involved in certain normal cellular processes and a natural feature of human evolution is epigenetic changes. However certain modifications may lead to sickness.