Question

How does heat travel through empty space?

Answer 1

Hint : Unlike conduction and convection radiation does not need matter to transfer heat energy radiated from the Sun, tune vacuum of space at the speed of light. When this energy arrives at the earth, some of it transfers to the gases in atmosphere
Some of it passes through and heat up the atoms on the earth surface some will even be absorbed by your skin
Some is converted through wind and ocean current and some of it is radiated back into the atmosphere or even outer surface.

Complete solution:-
The process by which the heat energy travels from one place to another without actually heating the medium is known as Radiation. This mode of transfer of heat is possible by the virtue of Electromagnetic Waves. Which means that in radiation, heat travels from one place to another in the form of electromagnetic waves. And since, electromagnetic waves can travel without actually needing medium, heat travels through empty space by the method of Radiation.
Heat travels through the vacuum of space as electromagnetic waves.
They are infrared wave which carry heat and travel in vacuum
We cannot see the infrared radiation but we can feel it as heat

Additional information:-
If you use a vacuum insulated thermos to help keep your coffee hot you may know it's a good insulator because heat energy has a hard time moving through empty space. Vibration of atoms or molecules which carry thermal energy simply can't travel if there are no atoms or molecules around. A new study by a researcher at the University of California Berkeley shows how the weirdness of quantum mechanics can turn even this basic unit of classical physics on its head.
The study appearing this week in the journal nature shows that heat energy can leap across a few hundred metres of a complete vacuum.

Note:-
Heat is a form of energy. It is the energy that an object possesses by virtue of the moment of its constituent particle, particles are continuously moving, hitting and bouncing off each other.