Question

Digestion of food
Examine: the figure of gastric gland given below and identify the labelled parts A to D.
A B C D

A. Oxyntic cell Chief cell Mucous cell Argentaffin cell
B. Argentaffin cell Oxyntic cell Mucous cell Chief cell
C. G cell Chief cell Mucous cell Argentaffin cell
D. Oxyntic cell G cell Mucous cell Chief cell

Answer 1

Hint: The food after consumption is grinded and chewed by the teeth with the help of saliva in the mouth. It then moves to the stomach and further process of digestion takes place. It is muscular and is situated in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals. The stomach works to break the food materials chemically with the help of enzymes produced by different types of cells.

Complete answer:
The stomach is situated in between the esophagus and the small intestine. The stomach secretes the digestive enzymes and gastric acids which help in the digestion of the food. The internal lining of the stomach consists of mucosa, submucosa, subserosa and serosa.
The gastric mucosa is the inner part of the lining of the stomach and it consists of several different types of cells. These cells are responsible for secretions of different types of enzymes and mucus. The mucosa receives the secretion of the gastric glands in the form of gastric juices. The gastric juice is an acidic fluid which contains hydrochloric acid as well as the digestive enzyme pepsin.
The oxyntic cells are the cells which are responsible for the secretions of hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. The oxyntic cells are found in the lining of the fundus and in the cardia part of the stomach. These cells are also known as parietal cells.
The mucous cells are important cell present in the inner lining of the stomach. They are simple columellar cells and secrete mucus. Mucus is used as a lubricant for materials so that it can pass over the membranes. It also protects the inner layer of the stomach from the action of highly acidic enzymes. The other important cells are the chief cells and the Argentaffin cells.
The chief cells are also known as peptic cells and they release the secretion of pepsinogen and gastric lipase. In ruminants, the cell is responsible for secretion of chymosin. They are located in the deep mucosal layer of the stomach. The Argentaffin cell are endocrine in nature and it is found throughout the digestive tract. These cells are found randomly located in the mucosa lining of the stomach and they are known to secret serotonin. Serotonin helps in the contractions of the smooth muscles.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Note:
The stomach is a gastrointestinal organ related to the digestion of food through the enzymatic actions. The stomach consists of many types of cells which secretes important hormones and enzymes. Enzymes such as hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are secreted by the oxyntic cells and the chief cells. Whereas, the mucous cells secrete mucus to protect the lining of the stomach and Serotonin is produced by the Argentaffin cells.