Question

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in the brackets
A. Natality and mortality (definition)
B. Stoma and Stroma (describe its structure)
C. Acromegaly and cretinism (symptoms)
D. Transpiration and guttation (structures involved)
E. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (reason/cause)

Answer 1

Hint: Natality is birth rate and mortality is death rate. Stroma and stoma are structures that are present in a leaf of a plant. Acromegaly and cretinism are diseases that occur in human beings. Transpiration and guttation are the two processes that are important for the removal of excess water from the plants. Diabetes mellitus and insipidus are two types of diabetes which can be harmful for the human body.

Complete answer:
1)Natality- It is the scientific term that is used for birth rate and used for the calculation of population dynamics.
Mortality- It is the scientific term that is used for describing the death rate.
2)Stoma – It is the part of the leaf located on the bottom that allows gas exchange. It has 2 guard cells that control the opening and closing
   Stroma- It is the fluid present inside the chloroplast that contains the enzyme for carbon fixation.
3)Acromegaly-The symptoms include physical deformity, abnormally large tongue, bulging chest, deepening of voice, fatigue, large ears, large feet and large hands
  Cretinism-The symptoms include lack of weight gain, stunted growth, mental retardation, poor feeding, thickened facial features, very little crying, fatigue.
4)Transpiration- The flow of liquid water is driven by capillary tubes and potential difference.
   Guttation- It is the exudation of drops of xylem sap on tips of leaves and happens at night time.
5)Diabetes mellitus is due to the reduction in the production of insulin by body.
   Diabetes insipidus is caused by a chemical called vasopressin.

Note:
Diabetes is the leading cause of death in many countries especially the west. The use of junk food is the main reason for this trend we see.
Guttation happens at night when the soil is very moist and the roots absorb water. If there is too much water, root pressure causes the water to squeeze out of the plant and onto the tips of the leaves or the blades of the plant.
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood.