Question

Differentiate between Intervarietal and Intervarietal hybridization

Answer 1

Hint: Hybridization is mating between two or more lines of species either of the same or different genotype. Intervarietal suggests that between the two species whereas intravarietal suggests it was within species.

Complete answer:
Mating between two or more than two or lines, that are different in genotype is what is called hybridization.
-In intravarietal union, crosses are made between plants of the same species. Whereas in an Intervarietal union, crosses are made between plants of two different sorts of an equivalent species, but if they belong to two completely different genera, it's termed as intergeneric hybridization as in orchids. In simpler words, intravarietal hybridization is a cross between the plants of the same species. Such crosses are helpful solely within the autogamous crops or self-pollinated crops. An example of this type of hybridization can be seen in Triticum aestivum var. Kalyan Sona × T. aestivum var. K. sona.
-In intervarietal hybridization, the cross between the plants belonging to two different varieties of the same species is made and is also called intraspecific crossbreeding. This technique has been the premise of improving autogamous or self-pollinated or cross-pollinated crops. In crop improvement programs, intervarietal interbreeding is most typically used. In fact, it is said that it typically seems to be the sole type of interbreeding employed in crop improvement. An example of intraspecific hybridization can be seen in Triticum aestivum var. Kalyan Sona × T. aestivum var. Sonalika.

Note: Hybridization was first used in crop improvement by German biologist Joseph Koerauter in 1760. From then onward, plant scientists started the pairing and it became the key technique of crop improvement. Today, it's the foremost common technique of crop improvement, and therefore the overwhelming majority of crop varieties have resulted from the pairing.
Objectives of Hybridization:
I. To unnaturally produce a variable population for the choice of varieties with the desired combination of characters.
II. To mix the required characters into one individual, and
III. To use and utilize hybrid varieties.