Question

Differentiate between aneuploidy and polyploidy.

Answer 1

Hint: Aneuploidy is usually defined as the condition which is characterised by having abnormal numbers of chromosomes in a haploid set. When it occurs due to loss of chromosome it is called hyperploidy and when it occurs due to addition of chromosomes it is called hyper ploidy. When a complete new set of chromosomes get added it is called polyploidy.

Complete answer:

Aneuploidy	Polyploidy.
Aneuploidy is usually defined as the condition which is characterised by having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a haploid set.	When a complete new set of chromosomes get added it is called polyploidy.
It is common to humans	It is rare to human
They cause chromosomal disorders which are lethal.	They causes triploid and tetraploid condition which are lethal
Nullisomy occurs due to aneuploidy	Triploidy occurs due to polyploidy.
It is of two types: hyperploidy and hyper ploidy.	It is of two types autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy.
It occurs due to non-disjunction of two chromosomes of a homologous pair.	It arises due to failure of cytokinesis after the telophase stage
In case of animals aneuploidy results are not always sterile	In the case of animals, polyploidy results are always sterile.

Additional information:-
Mendelian disorders like haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia and phenylketonuria are due to the mutant allele and their defective products. However, disorders can also be created by imbalance in chromosome number and chromosomal rearrangement. These are called chromosomal disorders. Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome are common examples of chromosomal disorders.

Note: The aneuploidy and polyploidy arises due to genomic mutation . The genomic mutation is usually defined as a change in chromosome number that brings visible effects on the phenotype. Polyploidy is a type of euploidy in which any change in the chromosome number is multiple of the number of chromosomes in the basic set.