Question

Differentiate between.
(a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence.
(b) Fibrous root and adventitious root.
(c) Apocarpus and syncarpous ovary.

Answer 1

Hint:
- Root: the part of a plant that grows downward and holds the plant in place, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and often stores food.
- Inflorescence: It is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.
- Ovary: It refers to the female reproductive organ in vertebrates that produces the female gametes (eggs/oocytes) and functions as an exocrine gland.

Complete answer:
> Racemose and Cymose inflorescence.

Racemose inflorescence	Cymose inflorescence
Younger flowers are present at the tip while older flowers are arranged at the base of this inflorescence.	Younger flowers are present at the base of the inflorescence, while older flowers are present at the top.
The main axis in racemose inflorescence continues to grow and produce flowers laterally.	The main axis in cymose inflorescence has limited growth.

> Fibrous root and adventitious root

Fibrous root	Adventitious root
In monocots, the primary root which develops from the radicle of the seed is short-lived.	These roots arise from any part of the plant other than the radicle of seeds.
It is found in wheat and other cereals.	It is found in banyan and other plants.

> Apocarpous ovary and syncarpous ovary.

Apocarpous ovary	Syncarpous ovary
The flowers with apocarpous ovaries have more than one carpel.	The flowers with syncarpous ovaries have more than one carpel.
It is found in lotus and rose flowers.	It is found in the flowers of tomato and mustard.

Note: Flower: A flower is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants also known as angiosperms. They help in reproduction by providing a method for the union of sperms with eggs, also they may facilitate crossing.
Outcrossing means fusion of sperm and eggs of different individuals which results from cross pollination or when self pollination occurs.
- Pollination is of two types: self-pollination and cross-pollination.
- Self pollination means when the pollen from the anther is dropped on the stigma of the same flower or can be on another flower on the same plant.
- Cross pollination means transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.