Question

What is the difference between cloning and tissue culture?

Answer 1

Hint: The term cloning is commonly used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is human cells and tissue replication. And the term tissue culture refers to be used for cloning purposes, genetic modification of a given plant, or simply to accelerate or increase the yield of the plant of interest.

Complete Answer:
The difference between cloning and tissue culture is as follows:

Cloning	Tissue culture
The identical offspring created by asexual reproduction are clones. It requires only the division of mitotic cells and is also known as somatogenic propagation.	Tissue culture, on the other hand, involves producing a large number of plantlets in a short period of time, as seen in micropropagation.
Clones have the same genetic material as their ancestors and without any difference between them.	A fragment of the donor is extracted and used as an explant, which is then cultured on a sterile medium and divided into different parts, each of which grows into a new plantlet.
They have 100 percent identical genetic makeup as their ancestors, they are the carbon copy of their parents.	Anther culture, suspension culture, single cell culture, pollen culture, and somatic embryogenesis are some of the other types.
Example -Dolly, a sheep (female), was the first animal to be cloned from adult somatic cells by the nuclear transfer process. Tetra was the first rhesus macaque developed by embryo splitting. The ox, mule, cat, wolf, dog, rat and rabbit are the cloned animals.	The phases of tissue culture are initiation, multiplication, root formation, shoot formation, and acclimatization.

The advantages of tissue culture are-
1) To produce large quantities of a given plant.
2) To accelerate the production of new varieties of a plant.
3) To eliminate the presence of any pest or virus from the plant of interest.

Cloning has several advantages, including the ability to create tissue and organs that doctors can use for surgery on the original. The moral and ethical issues associated with cloning an entire person would be eliminated if labs could clone and grow only the parts required.

Note:
Tissue culture is a method under which fragments of plants and animal tissues are cultured and grown in a laboratory. Following are the main categories of cultures:-
1. Primary culture:- These model the natural function of the tissue and are generally mortal. They consist of natural tissues excised directly from the living organisms by biopsy.
2. Culture of established cell lines:- These are derived from tumor biopsies, or from the primary cells that had undergone mutation and continued to replicate.