Question

Where did Gandhi first apply his technique of Satyagraha?
A. Dandi
B. Noakhali
C. England
D. South Africa

Answer 1

Hint: Gandhi's first movement of Satyagraha was initiated when he was an attorney with lucrative practice, in 1908.

Complete answer:
On 10th January 1908, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, an attorney with lucrative practice in Johannesburg, faced the court of magistrate for defying and anti Asiatic law. He was asked to leave Transvaal within 48 hours for disobeying an order. Instead Gandhi asked for the heaviest penalty that was six months imprisonment with hard labour. He was sentenced for 2 months in simple in present moment which Gandhi gladly accepted along with 150 other resistors.
This was the first of many imprisonment of Gandhi for the nonviolent protest to racist rule in South Africa.

Gandhi proposed a set of rules for satyagrahi to follow in a resistance campaign. They are :-
1. Harbour no anger.
2. Suffer the anger of the opponent.
3. Never retaliate to assaults or punishment; but do not submit, out of fear of punishment or assault, to an order given in anger.
4. Voluntarily submit to arrest or confiscation of your own property.
5. If you are a trustee of property, defend that property (non-violently) from confiscation with your life.
6. Do not curse or swear.
7. Do not insult the opponent.
8. Neither salute nor insult the flag of your opponent or your opponent's leaders.
9. If anyone attempts to insult or assault your opponent, defend your opponent (non-violently) with your life.
10. As a prisoner, behave courteously and obey prison regulations (except any that are contrary to self-respect).
11. As a prisoner, do not ask for special favourable treatment.
12. As a prisoner, do not fast in an attempt to gain conveniences whose deprivation does not involve any injury to your self-respect.
13. Joyfully obey the orders of the leaders of the civil disobedience action.

Hence the correct answer is option D.

Note: After the wave of Satyagraha in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India in 1915, on the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale conveyed to him by CF Andrews. The first Satyagraha campaign in India took place in 1917 in the Indigo growing district of Champaran.