Question

Describe the urinary system in humans. How does urine formation take place in humans?

Answer 1

Hint: Urine is formed in the kidneys and is then sent to the ureters of the bladder. The blood is filtered and urine is formed. The excretory system which helps in draining the urine is called the urinary system. It consists of two kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Complete answer:
> Kidney- These are bean-shaped structures located just below the rib cage. The kidneys help in filtering the blood and produce one to two quarts of urine, every day. This includes three main processes- glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The glomerulus tubules help with the filtration of blood through three layers. The first layer is the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels. The second layer is of Bowman’s capsule and the third layer is the basement membrane between these two layers. The Bowman’s capsule has minute filters or pores called podocytes. The nephrons form the basic functional unit of the urinary system. The blood is filtered through tiny pores and filters the constituent of plasma except the proteins on to the Bowman’s capsule.
In the reabsorption process around ninety-nine percent of filtrate is reabsorbed. This is done by the tubular cells of the epithelial cells in different segments of the nephron. Ammonia, potassium ion, and hydrogen ion are secreted during the urine formation into the filtrate. This is called tubular secretion and is important to maintain the acid-base balance in the body fluids.

Note:
The urine passes through the ureter to the urinary bladder. The nerves in the urinary bladder detect the swelling and send signals to the brain and then the urine is passed out. The urinary bladder can store up to 500ml to 700ml of urine.