Question

Describe the process of gene amplification for rDNA technology experiments.

Answer 1

Hint: After isolating the DNA fragments, these fragments are made into a number of copies by using a technique where thermostable DNA polymerase like Taq polymerase is used.

Complete answer:
- Amplification of genes of interest is done by using PCR, which stands for a polymerase chain reaction.
- Multiple copies of genes or DNA of interest are synthesized in this process. This is done in the laboratory.
- It is done by using two sets of primers(Small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA), and enzyme DNA polymerase.
- By using the nucleotides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as a template, the enzyme extends the primer.
The segment of DNA can be amplified approximately a billion times if the process of amplification is repeated many times. Approximately 1 billion copies are made.
- Such repeated amplification is achieved by the use of thermostable DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase. It is isolated from a bacterium called thermos aquatics. Even during the high temperature-induced denaturation of double-stranded DNA, It remains active.

Additional Information: rDNA is produced by rDNA technology involves several steps such as isolation of desired DNA fragment, ligation of the desired DNA fragment into a vector, transferring the recombinant DNA into the host, culturing the host cells in a medium at a large scale, and extraction of the desired product.

Note: -DNA fingerprint is a pattern of DNA fragments on the gel. Gene amplification is one technique for DNA fingerprinting.
-In rDNA technology, before the amplification of DNA, DNA fragments are separated and isolated. This is done by using the gel electrophoresis technique.