Question

Describe structure of human sperm with the help of labelled diagrams.

Answer 1

Hint: Sperms or sperm cells are male reproductive haploid (n, 23 chromosomes) cells or male gametes. These are produced from male reproductive organs or testes.

Complete answer:
The sperm can be divided into three parts based on its morphology-
> Head - it is oval-shaped with a smooth surface. It looks like an egg. It contains a nucleus in which a haploid set, 23 chromosomes, are present. The diameter of the head measures 2.5 to 3.5 micrometre 4. And the length is 4.0 to 5.5 micrometre. The head is covered with a well-developed structure called an acrosome that covers 40 to 70 % area of the oval-shaped head. It is made by Golgi complex and it contains enzymes acrosin, which help in the penetration into an egg.
> Body - it is 4.0 to 5.5 micrometre in length. It contains tightly packed mitochondria. It provides energy for the rotation of the tail that helps in its locomotion. At the joint of head and body, centriole is found that helps in cell division of zygote after fertilization.
> Tail - it is an elongated structure, which makes 70% of the entire length of sperm. Its central strand is called an axoneme. It helps in locomotion for movement of sperm towards the fallopian tube.

Note:
The process of creation or formation of sperm is called spermatogenesis. It is controlled by hypothalamus and hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In seminiferous tubules, the germ cell divides to produce primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes, which letter on produce spermatids and sperm cells (spermatozoa).