Question

Describe isolobal species with examples.

Answer 1

Hint :The term isolobal is used to compare molecular fragments with each other and to compare with familiar species in organic chemistry. If the number, symmetry properties, approximate energy and shape of frontier orbitals and the number of electrons in them are similar, then the two molecular fragments are said to be isolobal.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Isolobal concept is applied in organometallic chemistry to relate the structures of organic and inorganic molecular fragments and it is also used to predict the bonding properties of organometallic compounds. Organometallic compounds are used in research and also in industrial chemical reactions. They are used as catalysts to increase the rate of chemical reaction where target molecules are polymers, pharmaceuticals, etc. Isolobal species are those pairs whose frontal lobes satisfy the following properties:
-same in number
-have similar symmetry
-have approximately same energy
-have same number of electrons in the,
Examples: $ C{H_3},N{H_2},OH,F,Cl $ ,etc.
All these groups combine to form ordinary bonds like:
 $ C{H_3} - C{H_3},N{H_2} - N{H_2},HO - OH,F - F,Cl - Cl,N{H_2} - F,etc $

Note :
The fragments or the building blocks which are capable of replacing each other in complex structures are said to be isolobal. Electron-equivalent groups are always isolobal. Isolobal compounds are analogous to isoelectronic compounds which share the same number of valence electrons and structure.