Question

Define the following:
(A) Pedogenesis
(B) Humus
(C) Bhangar

Answer 1

Hint: All the terms mentioned above; Pedogenesis, Humus, and Bhangar, are related directly or indirectly to the soil, such as soil formation, soil development, soil erosion, and a lot of things that are related to soil.

Complete answer:
The mentioned terms are defined below:
Pedogenesis: This term has also referred to the development as soil, the evolution of soil, and also as soil genesis. This is the process of formation of the soil and it has been regulated by a lot of factors such as place, surroundings, and history. This Pedogenesis is studied in the branch of pedology, it is the study of the natural environment. The study of soil morphology, and soil classification, are other branches of pedology. For understanding soil geographical distribution in current and past geologic periods, the study of pedogenesis is essential.
Humus: Humus is more often used in agriculture to identify mature or natural compost collected from a forest or other natural source for use as a soil conditioner. It is often used to characterize a topsoil horizon containing organic matter. It is defined as "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals”. While the terms humus and manure are used interchangeably informally, they are different constructs of soil with distinct origins; humus is generated by anaerobic fermentation, while manure is the product of aerobic decomposition.
Bhangar: The new alluvium contained on much of the Indo-Gangetic floodplain is termed khadar and is highly fertile and layered uniform; on the other hand, on the slightly elevated terraces, called bhangar, the old alluvium carries pockets of alkaline efflorescence, called usar, rendering some areas infertile. Sandy reservoirs holding a huge reserve of groundwater in the Ganges basin ensure irrigation and help make the plain the nation's most agriculturally productive zone.

Note:
The alluvial ground is abundant. They exist throughout the Indo-Gangetic Plain and essentially all the major rivers of the country along with the lower courses. Narrow ribbons of alluvium are also characterized by the non deltaic plain along the coasts of India.