Question

Define sericulture.

Answer 1

Hint: Sericulture holds an important role in the cottage industry, but it is now the basis of large industries of countries like China, Japan, India, and some European countries.

Complete answer:
The process of cultivating silkworms and the production of silk from them is called sericulture. The most common sericulture species is the domestic silkmoth or Bombyx mori. Other than that, silkworms like eri, muga, tasar, etc are also cultivated and wild silk is produced from them.

Additional Information: Let us know about sericulture in details:
-It is a popular domestic industry in countries like India and China. These two are the leading producers of silk in the world, contributing over 60% of global production.
-The caterpillars of silkworm feed voraciously on the fresh mulberry leaves and grow fast to form cocoons.
-Silk is a fiber made of sericin and fibroin proteins. The caterpillars of silkworm secrete these by their silk glands and make the hard covering of silk fibers around them, which is known as the cocoon.
-In one or two days of cocoon formation, the pupae or cocoons are killed by drying in the sun or by boiling them. Then the fibers from the cocoon are reeled out into silk threads.
-The cocoon is killed because when the silkworm moths appear from the cocoon the long silk fibers get broken and cannot be reeled into skeins.
-Each silk cocoon has about 1000 meters of silk thread. Among the group of cocoons are kept alive to continue the generation.

Note: The Sericulture industry now holds important roles in domestic and large industries. Therefore, a scientific approach to sericulture has become a necessity.
In recent times, several research and development of sericulture have taken place in India such as the development of silkworm marketing facilities and cultivation of plants like Morus indica or shahtoot Norus alba or toot castor sal, etc. New varieties of mulberry plants are developed and cultivated. Along with improving the existing races of silkworms, new varieties such as bombyx mori and autherea have been developed.