Question

Define functional group and complete the following table.
Functional group Name of the compound Formula
1. __________ Ethyl alcohol ________
2. __________ Acetaldehyde _________

Answer 1

Hint: A functional group is an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that determine the characteristic property of organic compounds. Regardless of the size of the molecule it is a member of, the same functional group can undergo the same or identical chemical reaction.

Complete step by step answer:
In chemistry, a functional group may be a specific group of atoms or bonds within a compound that's liable for the characteristic chemical reactions of that compound. The same functional group will behave during a similar fashion, by undergoing similar reactions, no matter the compound of which it's a part. Functional groups also play a vital part in organic compound nomenclature; combining the names of the functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes provides how to distinguish compounds.
The atoms present in a functional group are linked together and to the rest of the compound by covalent bonds. The first carbon atom that attaches to the functional group is regarded as the alpha carbon; the second, the beta carbon; the third, the gamma carbon, etc. Similarly, a functional group are often mentioned as primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on if it's attached to one, two, or three carbon atoms.

Name of the compound:
Ethyl alcohol belongs to the alcohol family. Then, the functional group is (-OH), and the formula is ${{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}-OH$.
Acetaldehyde belongs to the aldehyde family. Then, the functional group is (-CHO), and the formula is $C{{H}_{3}}-CHO$.
Hence,
Functional group Name of the compound Formula
1. (-OH) Ethyl alcohol ${{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}-OH$
2. (-CHO) Acetaldehyde $C{{H}_{3}}-CHO$

Note: With more than twenty million known organic compounds in nature, memorizing chemical reactions on each would be very difficult. Luckily, molecules with identical functional groups are more likely to encounter similar reactions. A functional group within a molecule is defined as an atom or group of atoms with similar chemical properties whenever it occurs in different compounds. Even though other areas of the molecule are quite different, some of the functional groups tend to react in some respects.