Question

Define asexual reproduction. Give name of two methods of asexual reproduction.

Answer 1

Hint:-Asexual reproduction mostly occurs in unicelllular organisms for example Kingdom monera and protista. It is generally absent in higher non vertebrates as well as vertebrates. It is also present in some plants.

Complete Answer:-Asexual reproduction ia a type of reproduction that involves the participation of only single parent. It does not require formation of sex organs. It does not involve meiosis as well as fusion of gametes due to which offsprings produced are genetically similar to parents i.e clone of their parents and does not show any variations. This method is very time saving. Two types of asexual reproduction are:-
Binary fission:- This is most common type of asexual reproduction. It occurs in bacteria and planaria. In this, the cytoplasm and the nucleus divides equally into two without undergoing mitosis. At the time of division of nucleus , the DNA replicates and a mesosome gets attached to the daughter chromosome. The plasma membrane starts dividing the cell into two and separates the parent cell. Into nearly two equal daughter cells.
Budding:- the process by which a daughter is formed from the individual parent from a small projection commonly known as bud arising on the parent body is known as budding. Budding is common in yeast and hydra. In hydra, buds arise on the surface of the parents body. This bud then grows and gradually forms the size of the parent. When they grow fully they separate from their parents and become a new individual.

Note:- There are various other types of sexual reproduction as well like multiple fission occurring in plasmodium and in amoeba in under unfavourable conditions, vegetative propagation in various plants occurs under asexual reproduction.